WHEN A WHATSAPP MESSAGE BECOMES A CONTRACT: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

In the legal world, phrases like “must be in writing” often appear in contracts—especially when it comes to notices, approvals, or the agreement itself. But what does “in writing” mean in 2025?

Once, lawyers argued about whether email counted. That debate is mostly settled. Now, there's a new player in the spotlight: WhatsApp.

And yes, it turns out that WhatsApp messages can form a legally binding contract. That’s not a prediction. That’s a High Court ruling from April 2025.

The Case: Jaevee Homes v Fincham [2025] EWHC 942 (TCC)

Imagine this: you're managing a project and chatting with a contractor via WhatsApp. You both go back and forth on the price, scope of work, and payment terms. Eventually, the contractor asks, “So, is this job mine?” You reply with a quick “yes.”

Later, you send over a formal contract—but they never sign it. You might think no contract was ever finalized.

But the court thought otherwise.

In Jaevee Homes v Fincham, the judge ruled that the WhatsApp exchange between the parties was enough to form a binding contract. Why? Because it met the fundamental criteria required for a valid agreement:

• An offer
• Clear acceptance
• Consideration (money in exchange for services)
• Intention to create legal relations
• Definitive terms

It wasn’t about the formality or the platform—it was about the clarity and mutual intent.

What This Means for Business Owners

Messaging platforms like WhatsApp feel informal and casual—and that’s precisely the risk. Just because a deal is made over chat doesn’t make it any less enforceable.

Here’s what you need to do:

1. Avoid casual commitments. Don’t agree to anything over WhatsApp that you wouldn’t agree to in a formal contract.
2. Use disclaimers where needed. If you're still negotiating or waiting on a signed document, say so. Phrases like “subject to contract” can make your position clearer.
3. Keep records. Save relevant messages, take screenshots, and export chat logs. If there’s a dispute, you’ll need proof.
4. Educate your team. Make sure employees and managers understand that WhatsApp messages can carry legal weight.
5. Take digital discussions seriously. Just because it’s convenient doesn’t mean it’s risk-free.

Rethinking Contracts in the Digital Age

We’ve officially moved beyond pen-and-paper deals. Contracts are now formed with thumbs and emojis—sometimes faster than we can process the legal consequences.

And there’s more change coming. AI-generated messages and negotiations aren’t far from becoming the next frontier in contract law.

Final Thought

Before you reply with a simple “yes” on WhatsApp, pause and think: Is this a commitment I’m willing to be held to?

Because today, that message might be just as binding as your signature.